In practice: several of our destination markets run pre-shipment conformity programmes: Iraq (COSQC, through authorised inspection bodies), Kenya (KEBS PVoC), Tanzania (TBS PVoC), Saudi Arabia (SABER certificates) and Nigeria (SONCAP). Most require test reports or product documents plus a physical inspection before loading, and lead times can run from days to several weeks. Arriving without a required certificate can mean penalties, re-inspection at destination or refusal of entry.

Example: toys bound for Basra need an Iraq COC. The inspection is booked three weeks before the planned departure, the certificate number is added to the case file, and the Iraqi broker presents it at clearance.